The Complete Guide to Birthstones: Meaning, History & How to Choose Yours

A flat-lay of all 12 natural gemstone birthstones arranged on dark slate

What Are Birthstones?

Birthstones are gemstones associated with each month of the year, carrying centuries of symbolism, folklore, and meaning. Whether you're drawn to their beauty, their metaphysical properties, or simply the personal connection they offer, birthstones make deeply meaningful gifts — and even more meaningful keepsakes.

The 12 Birthstones by Month

January — Garnet

Deep red and richly saturated, garnet is said to symbolise protection, strength, and friendship. A stone of passion and commitment, it's the perfect talisman for those born in the heart of winter.

February — Amethyst

Amethyst's violet hues have long been associated with clarity of mind, calm, and spiritual wisdom. Once reserved for royalty, this quartz variety remains one of the most beloved gemstones in the world.

March — Aquamarine

Evoking the cool clarity of ocean waters, aquamarine is linked to courage, serenity, and clear communication. Its pale blue-green tones make it a favourite for elegant, understated jewellery.

April — Diamond

The hardest natural substance on Earth, diamond represents eternal love, invincibility, and clarity. April's birthstone is as enduring as the bonds it symbolises.

May — Emerald

Lush and vivid, emerald has been prized since antiquity for its association with rebirth, fertility, and love. Cleopatra herself was famously devoted to this verdant gem.

June — Pearl, Alexandrite & Moonstone

June is one of only three months with three birthstones. Pearls speak of purity and wisdom; alexandrite dazzles with its colour-changing magic; and moonstone glows with an ethereal inner light linked to intuition and new beginnings.

July — Ruby

Fiery and fierce, ruby is the stone of passion, vitality, and courage. Its deep red colour has made it one of the most coveted gemstones throughout history — a true king among stones.

August — Peridot, Spinel & Sardonyx

Peridot's lime-green brilliance is said to bring strength and positive energy. Spinel, often mistaken for ruby or sapphire, offers a rainbow of colours and a rich history. Sardonyx, banded in red and white, symbolises courage and happiness.

September — Sapphire

Sapphire's celestial blue has long been associated with wisdom, loyalty, and nobility. Beyond blue, sapphires come in nearly every colour of the rainbow — each one breathtaking in its own right.

October — Opal & Tourmaline

Opal is nature's kaleidoscope — no two stones are alike, and each plays with light in its own unique way. Tourmaline, available in virtually every colour, is said to inspire creativity and compassion.

November — Topaz & Citrine

Golden topaz and sunny citrine both carry the warmth of autumn. Topaz is associated with strength and healing, while citrine — sometimes called the "merchant's stone" — is linked to abundance and positivity.

December — Tanzanite, Zircon & Turquoise

December's trio spans the full spectrum of blue. Tanzanite, found only near Mount Kilimanjaro, is one of the rarest gems on Earth. Zircon dazzles with exceptional brilliance. Turquoise, one of the oldest known gemstones, carries deep cultural significance across civilisations worldwide.

How to Choose a Birthstone

Birthstones make wonderfully personal gifts because they carry inherent meaning — but there are no strict rules. You might choose your own birth month, a loved one's, or simply a stone whose colour and energy resonate with you. Many people collect birthstones for each member of their family, creating a deeply personal jewellery collection over time.

Birthstones at Salamandergems

At Salamandergems, we source hand-selected gemstones with a focus on quality, provenance, and natural beauty. Whether you're looking for a loose stone to set into a bespoke piece or a finished gem to add to your collection, we'd love to help you find the perfect birthstone. Explore our collection and discover the stone that speaks to you.